Western Civilization - HIST 102 Resource Guide

Child labor during the British Industrial Revolution was not a new phenomenon. The first documentation of child labor dates back to the medieval era, when children would help their parents outside on the farm or inside with the family enterprise. The nature of child labor, however, dramatically changed during the Industrial Revolution when children began to work outside the home for strangers in factories and mines. Child labor played a key role in the manufacturing of cotton, wool, flax, silk, lace, dyeing, and coal mining and made up approximately half of the workforce in textile mills and one-quarter of the workforce in coal and metal mines

In the course of 200 years, nationalism evolved into a major force shaping the contours of modern European history. Beginning in eighteenth-century western Europe, nationalism emerged as a modernizing force and liberal impulse reflecting the rational ethos of the Enlightenment. Nationalism assumed a more exclusionary and racist tenor during the nineteenth century, generating reactionary ideologies.

The scientific and intellectual developments of the 17th cent.—the discoveries of Isaac Newton, the rationalism of Réné Descartes, the skepticism of Pierre Bayle, the pantheism of Benedict de Spinoza, and the empiricism of Francis Bacon and John Locke—fostered the belief in natural law and universal order and the confidence in human reason that spread to influence all of 18th-century society

Political upheaval of world importance in France that began in 1789.

Process by which different parts of the globe become interconnected by economic, social, cultural, and political means. Globalization has become increasingly rapid since the 1970s and 1980s as a result of developments in technology, communications, and trade liberalization.

Imperialism is a foreign policy of economic domination and inevitable underdevelopment of another territory.

Acceleration of technical and economic development that took place in Britain in the second half of the 18th century.

Widespread adoption of capitalism, mechanization and the factory system - gave rise to a period of unparalleled economic growth.

Economic and political philosophy named for Karl Marx.

Includes map with military campaigns.

An epistemological claim that the truth is identifiable as that which corresponds to or pictures the real.

Series of revolutionary explosions in Western and Central Europe.

The era of the “scientific revolution” has been the focus of debates concerning the origins of modern science throughout the 20th century. For its adherents, it is nothing less than the founding moment of science in early modern Europe, signifying a radical intellectual break with the past.

1756–63, worldwide war fought in Europe, North America, and India between France, Austria, Russia, Saxony, Sweden, and (after 1762) Spain on the one side and Prussia, Great Britain, and Hanover on the other.

The two principal cases of unification nationalism are those of Germany and Italy