History and Democracy of the Modern Middle East - HIST 235 Resource Guide

This jarring program chiefly uses the ideological battle between ultra-orthodox Jews and Zionists to examine the division between religion and politics in Israel.

howing Palestine under the British Protectorate and the arrival of Holocaust survivors in 1946, this program properly begins with David Ben-Gurion’s proclamation of the state of Israel, and proceeds through the tumultuous first 40 years of the oldest surviving nation and the newest democracy in the Middle East.

This chapter discusses the intensification of the Arab-Israeli conflict during the 1960s. It explores the role of Egypt in the conflict. It also covers an intensifying arms race between Israel and the Arab states during the decade. In addition, this chapter addresses the consequences of the Six-Day War.

This chapter explores the intensification of the Cold War during the 1950s. It discusses the U.S. effort to stop Soviet infiltration in the Middle East. It highlights the impact of the nationalization of the Iranian petroleum industry.

This essay considers the relationship between crisis and continuity by examining halting and incomplete efforts to sever the link between oil consumption and American economic growth
between 1965 and 1980.

The overthrow of the shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1919-80), in 1979 by populist forces led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (1902-89) established the Islamic Republic of Iran. This revolution has been regarded as one of the most significant in modern history, along with the French Revolution of 1789 and the Russian Revolution of 1917.

In 1920 France created the state of Lebanon and ruled it as a League of Nations mandate through a system of 'confessionalism', by which positions in parliament, government and the civil service were allocated on a religious basis. At this time the Christian Maronites were Lebanon's largest religious community and so they dominated the state.

born Jan. 15, 1918, Alexandria, Egypt-died Sept. 28, 1970, Cairo) Egyptian army officer who was prime minister (1954-56) and president (1956-70) of Egypt. In his youth, he took part in anti-British demonstrations. As an army officer, he led a coup that deposed the royal family (1952) and installed Gen. Muḥammad Naguib as head of state. In 1954 he deposed Naguib and made himself prime minister.

The United Nations has been working on the question of Palestine since the first special session of the General Assembly on 28 April 1947, which established a body to investigate the issue and return with its recommendations. Over 60 years later, the range of the UN's work on the issue has continued to adapt to meet new challenges and address changing realities on the ground.